Text Features in Non-Fiction Informational Texts

Text Features in Non-Fiction Informational Texts Important tools to help students to understand and access information in informational texts are the text features. Text features are both ways in which the authors and editors make the information easier to understand and access, as well as explicit means of supporting the content of the text through illustrations, photographs, charts, and graphs. Using text features is an important element of developmental reading, which teaches students to use these parts to understand and comprehend the content of the text Text features are also part of most states high-stakes  tests. Students in fourth grade and above are usually expected to be able to identify the text features common to most non-fiction and informational texts. At the same time, they help struggling readers find and identify the information they are expected to know in content area classes, such as social studies, history, civics, and science. Text Features as Part of the Text Titles, subtitles, headings, and sub-headings are all part of the actual text, used to make the organization of the information in a text explicit. Most textbook publishers, as well as informational text publishers, use these features to make the content easier to understand. Titles The chapter titles in informational texts usually prepare the student to understand the text. Subtitles Subtitles usually immediately follow the title and organize the information into sections. Titles and subtitles often provide the structure for an outline. Headings Headings usually begin a subsection after a subtitle. There are multiple headings for each section. They usually lay out the major points made by the author in each section. Subheading Subheadings also help us understand the organization of the thoughts contained in the section and the relationships of the parts. Title, subtitle, heading, and subheadings could be used to create guided notes, as they are pivotal parts of the authors organization of the text. Text Features That Support Understanding and Navigating the Text Table of Contents Works of fiction seldom have tables of content, whereas works of nonfiction almost always do. At the beginning of the book, they include the titles of chapters as well as subtitles and page numbers. Glossary Found at the back of the book, the glossary provides definitions of special words within the text. Publishers often place words to be found in the back in boldface. Sometimes the definitions are found adjacent to the text, but always in the glossary. Index Also in the back of the book, the index identifies where topics can be found, in alphabetical order. Features That Support the Content of the Text The internet has given us a rich and easily accessible source of images, but they are still incredibly important in understanding the content of information non-fiction texts. While not actually text it would be foolish to assume that our students understand the relationship between the content and the picture on the same page. Illustrations Illustrations are the product of an illustrator or artist and create an image that helps us better understand the content of the text. Photographs A hundred years ago, photographs were difficult to produce in print. Now, digital media make it easy to create and recreate photographs in print. Now they are common in informational texts. Captions Captions are printed below the illustrations and photographs and explain what we are seeing. Charts and Diagrams Unlike illustrations, Charts and Diagrams are created to represent amount, distance, or other information shared in the text. Often they are in the form of graphs, including bar, line, and plot and whisker graphs, as well as pie charts and maps.

South Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South Korea - Research Paper Example In any country, the daily life of people is guided by cultural practices and believes. In South Korea the daily lives of the South Korean people is guide by Century-old Confucian principles. These principles include among others dedication to hard work and a devotion to family and society. Another unique cultural aspect of the South Korean Society is the use of both the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar. The Lunar calendar, with its ties to the land and awareness of changing of seasons assist them in identifying seasons and activities of those seasons. Unlike other societies, their festivals and holidays are based on the lunar calendar so it is advisable that one take necessary measures when planning a visit to this country (Lee 13). According to Lee (13), another part of Confucianism deeply practiced among the South Koreans is the idea of the patriarchic system that regards fathers as the most responsible members of the family and gives elders very much honor. In addition, i n this kind of system, the fathers can only undertake certain activities of the society and in most cases; the father is expected to lead in everything a family does. The problem with such a system is when the father turns to be irresponsible or he is not there at all. These can lead to some of the important family activities failing. In addition, Lee (13) states that the most predominant traditional festival among the South Koreans is the traditional Jesa. This is a ceremony organized to honor the ancestors. In South Korea rice is the most popular food in South Korea, taken as the main dish at almost every meal. Other parts of the meals may include vegetables, soups, fish, and meat. The most common food among the South Koreans is kuk (soup) and chim (stew) made with vegetables, rice, and meat. In addition to this, they also eat kimch’i. This is a spicy, pickled vegetable dish, which is served with other dishes (Davis 13). Changing from a developing to a developed nation has resulted in the change of the diet of the South Koreas. These changes include the importation of beef that has encouraged meat eating and the availability Americans’ food such as bread, dairy foods, baked goods and fast foods (Drago and Goody 150). Therefore, no one visiting South Korea should be afraid of the issue of food. Like the Chinese, the South Koreans have the culture of using chopsticks to eat instead of the cutlery used by the Western countries (Davis 13). It is important to note that some in-depth South Korean issues can be of interest to us. Some of these issues include ceramics, paintings, sculptures, Architecture, and religion. In this case, I will discuss the issue of religion. This does not mean that other issues are trivial; they are equally important as they are rooted to this community and have been practiced for years. They have also been developing from generation to generation. There are various religions practiced in the country of South Korea. Accordi ng to Clark (29), these religions are in three main categories, which include established religions, newly raising religions and the popular religion. Established religions include Buddhism, Christianity, newly rising religion include unification of churches, and the popular religion include shamanism (Clark 29). The oldest religions in South Korea are ideas, shamanism, and animism. In these kinds of religion, adherence

Reflection on Integrating Learning Styles & Multiple Intelligences Essay

Reflection on Integrating Learning Styles & Multiple Intelligences - Essay Example Sensing Thinkers use concrete, practical approaches to learning. The Intuitive Thinkers use conceptual and innovative approaches, and are oriented toward theories and meanings. Sensing Feelers use their imagination to see things that cannot be seen by the senses. Intuitive Feelers uses intuition along with feeling. The Multiple Intelligence theory popularized by Howard Gardner (1991)states that there are at least seven different ways of learning anything, usually called the seven intelligences: body/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intra-personal, logical/mathematical, musical/rhythmic, verbal/linguistic and visual/spatial. These intelligences are considered ways in demonstrating intelligences. This theory revolutionized how intelligence is conceived. This explains how children learn, and how they should be taught, which are far from what has been thought about before. The theories, concepts, and strategies presented in this course with respect to learning styles and multiple intelligences are very interesting and an eye-opener for teachers like me. Although these theories and concepts are not unfamiliar or unheard of since it has made a debut several years ago, it is a very good exercise to really get to know each learning style and intelligences. Dissecting each theory helps me understand it fully and know how its application to my teaching. It opens the door to the different possibilities of application for classroom application. Exposure the different learning-styles material prompted me to reevaluate how I judge ability as well as weaknesses of my students. It made me realized that although I was employing different strategies to make our class interesting, I was doing it randomly. Strategies that I used were based on the concept that I am teaching and not on my students’ learning styles and intelligences. I have gained several important insights on the differences of students, their uniqueness, strengths and weakness. A few of these

Environmental Pollution Essay Example for Free

Environmental Pollution Essay Environmental pollution is not a new fact. It is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. It is a big matter which is disturbing us economically, physically and our normal life. According to the Scott Forseman, pollution is defined as the addition of any substance of form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, decomposition, recycling or storage in some harmless forms. Our precious earth is daily polluted in a variety of ways such as air pollution, water, soil, chemical, smoke, noise, radioactive, thermal, waste, energy, oil and urban pollution. Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and early 1970s, when the congress passed the clean air act, clean water act and National Environmental Policy act. (W.A Andrews and D.K Moore).It was the industrial revolution that gave the birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given to environmentalism and the environmental movement, which generally seek to limit human impact on the environment. Scientists believe that all cities with populations exceeding 50,000 have some degree of air pollution. In this essay I will show that how human activities are producing pollution which is negatively affecting the whole world and environment and there are also two main solutions for this problem why it needs to be addressed. Pollution is causing by a lots of activities we do every day. Global economic production creates global pollution .Burning fossil fuels to run factories, motorized vehicles and power plants are producing huge amount of pollution everyday. Motor vehicles produce high level of Carbon monoxide (CO) and major source of hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO) which is very harmful for our environment. The other major cause is fertilizers using in the crops, it also creates pollution because it negatively affect the human health, water and the plants. One another type of pollution is oil pollution in the oceans. It is release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment due to the human activities.

Magnesium Essay -- essays research papers

Magnesium is the twelfth element on the periodic table. It is located in the second group called the alkaline earth metals. Natural magnesium contains three different isotopes, and there are twelve others that are recognized. Seawater is a rich source of magnesium in the form of salt. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust. Magnesium readily ignites upon heating in air and burns with a dazzling white flame. To extinguish the flame water should not be used. Alkaline earth metal salts in general, are less soluble in water than the corresponding alkali metal salts. Some are even so insoluble that they resist weathering and leaching action in rainwater. Alkaline earth metals are extracted from the mineral ores like they have been for many decades. This second group of metals is also less reactive than the alkali metals. They do not need to have a specific storage procedure like that of the corresponding elements. These alkaline metals react with acids, and in certain temperatures of water. They are also harder than their alkali friends. In general, they have a gray-white luster that tarnishes quickly in the air to form a tough, thin oxide coating. The coating protects the metal, particularly magnesium, from further oxidation. This allows alloys of these metals to be used as low-density structural materials. Magnesium is one of the two most important alkaline earth metals. It is found in seawater. Today, though it is chiefly produced by electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride. It has many uses. Magnesium is an important material that is a chief component in a number of high-tensile-strength, low-density alloys. These properties allow the alloy to be very valuable in air and spacecraft construction. Also, the alloyed metal is used to make a large variety of other products, such as, artificial limbs, vacuum cleaners, optical instruments, recreational skis, wheelbarrows, lawn mowers, and outdoor furniture. Magnesium is also found in asbestos. Asbestos was used in insulating materials up until it was found to cause cancer and other types of lung diseases. The unalloyed metal of magnesium is used in photographic flashlight powders, incendiary bombs, and signal flares. This special element also has many important roles in the body. The most vital need for it is on the cellular level. It is as important as calcium, and is found in bone... ... nuts, pecans, and cashews contain some of the highest amounts of the element from edible nuts. Many types of fish contain the element too, specifically salmon. Also fruits such as dried apricots or avocados hold the element well. Eating these foods proves to be beneficial to the body in the ways already stated and many more in the long run. As you can see, magnesium is a special element that is extremely useful in our lives. We come across every day, completely unaware that it is there or even what it is. Most elements are like that though, never thanked or recognized for the important roles they play in our world today. Life without elements wouldn't be life at all. Without elements, such as magnesium, we would find ourselves without many of the conveniences and advancements in civilization that are currently available to us. Society, as a whole, (not just chemistry students) should learn more about these elements and appreciate all that they have given them for without them, life wouldn't be the same. With new advances in space exploration and more experimental research, we are sure to find many more elements which will make the life to come almost an effortless exsistance.

Faraday’s Law Essay

The Faraday is the electrical charge contained in a mole of electrons. In this experimented 2 values are determined. One by measuring the amount of charge needed to reduce H+ ions to h2 gas, and the other is as Cu atoms are oxidized to Cu2+ ions. The chemical formula applied during this lab was Cu + 2H+-> Cu+2 + H2. Procedure Cleaned a copper plate in 2M HNO3, weighed it and recorded data. Mixed 100ml distilled water with 50ml of 3M sulfuric acid in a 200ml beaker. Put buret upside down into beaker and placed cathode up inside buret. Connected side aspirator to water aspirator. Set voltage regulator to zero turned power on; voltage was put to 190 amps and started recording the time. Regulated dial to keep current constant until 25ml of hydrogen had filled the buret. Data Calculations 1. Average current during electrolysis = 190 amps 2. Elapsed time in electrolysis (seconds) = 1080 seconds 3. Coulombs transferred in electrolysis = . 1900 x 1080 = 205. 2 coulombs 4. Mass loss of copper anode = 6. 6061g – 6. 5427g = . 0634g 5. Moles of Cu lost = . 0634/63. 54= 9. 98 x 10^-4 moles 6. Moles of e- released by Cu oxidation = 2 x 9. 98 x 10^-4 = . 00200 moles 7. Value of faraday for Cu oxidation = 205. 2/. 00200 = 1. 03 x 10^ -5 coulombs/moles 8. Mercury equivalent of water column = (1. 00g/mol)(337mm)=(H hg) = 24. 8 mm hg 9. Partial pressure of water vapor = 21. 068 (mm Hg) 10. partial pressure of hydrogen gas produced = 762. 5 = 24. 8 + 21. 068 + P h2 P h2 = 716. 6(mm Hg) 11. Moles of H2 formed = (. 943)(25. 3) = N(82. 05)(296) N=9. 8 x 10^-4 moles 12. Moles of e- use top reduce H+ = 2 x 9. 8 x 10^ – 4 = . 00196 moles 13. Value of Faraday of H+ reduction =205. 2/. 00196 = 1. 04 x 10 ^5 (coulombs/moles) Discussion 1. 04 x 10^5 coulombs was the calculated value for electrical charge contained in a mole of electrons. The equation applied for this experiment was Cu + 2H+ -> Cu+2 + H2. The experimental value calculated was 104,000, compared to the accepted value which is 96,500 coulombs/moles; the values are close in range. The percent error was 7. 77%, some possible reasons for error could producing too much or too little h2 in the buret. Another possible error could be not enough Cu+.

Group Dynamics for Organization - 956 Words

It is important to understand group dynamics in the business world because most businesses require that in order to function large numbers of employees must work together in order to achieve goals for the organization. Groups can take many forms. We will examine different types of groups and how they are designed. Group designs are based on the following principles: Introspection. Engaging in self-evaluation and a gap analysis of one s leadership profile with peers adds a special dimension to this critical facet of the development process. Emotional intelligence. Ultimately, executive development is about augmenting candidates emotional intelligence to manage their emotions and actions better, as well as those of others.†¦show more content†¦Group cohesiveness provides the bonds that hold a group together. There are many benefits to group cohesiveness. Here are just some of the general benefits of having a group that sticks together : The communication within the group is much more extensive. In other words, people who like each other communicate better and more often with each other. Groups that are more cohesive have positive interactions with one another. People are more friendly and there is an increased feeling of the group as a whole. As a result, the group acts as a whole not as individuals. A group that has a high level of group cohesiveness is much more successful in achieving their goal. The feeling of togetherness in the group motivates members to achieve the desired objectives of the group so their efforts increase. The members in groups that are cohesive are much more satisfied with that group. As a result, they are more willing to stay in the group longer and often recommend the group to others. Are leaders an important aspect of groups? In almost every group environment, there will automatically be one or more individuals of that group who will emerge as a leader and/or take on key leadership roles in order for the group to function and achieve the groups overall objective. A group trying to solve a list of problems or achieve a list of objectives will tend to meander along inShow MoreRelatedGroup Dynamics in Organizations1884 Words   |  8 PagesGroup Dynamics in Organizations Kirsten O’connell Mgt 415: Group Behavior in Organizations Steven Bedell May 3, 2010 Abstract Ð  well-managed organization needs adequate talent to achieve its goals. In addition, organizational leaders need to understand the individuals that are working for the organization. By learning how the behavior and culture of individuals affects the organization, leaders and organizations move one step closer to success. 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